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List of Figures
Foreword
Preface
PART I: The Overall Strategy
1 Overview
1.1 The Birth of the Requirements Model
1.2 The Birth of the Architecture Model
1.3 Compatibility of the Models
1.4 Applicability of the Models
1.5 The System Life Cycle
2 The Role of the Methods
2.1 Structured Methods: What They Are
2.2 System Requirements Model
2.3 System Architecture Model
2.4 System Specification Model
2.5 The Development Life Cycle
2.6 Structured Methods: What They Are Not
2.7 Summary
PART II: The Requirements Model
3 Overview
3.1 The Structure of the Model
4 The Process Model
4.1 Data Context Methods
4.2 Data Flow Diagrams
4.3 Leveling and Balancing
4.4 The Numbering System
4.5 Data Flows
4.6 Data Stores
4.7 Process Specifications
4.8 Interpreting the Process Model
4.9 Summary
5 The Control Model
5.1 Control Context Diagrams
5.2 Control Flow Diagrams
5.3 Control Flows
5.4 Data Conditions
5.5 Control Stores
5.6 Control Specifications
5.7 Process Controls
5.8 Summary
6 Finite State Machines
6.1 Combinational Machines
6.2 Sequential Machines
6.3 Incorporating Finite State Machines into
CSPEC's
6.4 Summary
7 Timing Requirements
7.1 Repetition Rate
7.2 Input-to-Output Response Time
7.3 Summary
8 Requirements Dictionary
8.1 Primitive Attributes
8.2 Group Structure
8.3 Dictionary Data Bases
8.4 Summary
9 Requirements Model Interpretation and Summary
9.1 The Requirements Model Interpreted
9.2 Requirements Model Summary
PART III: Building the Requirements Model
10 Overview
10.1 Model Users and Builders
10.2 The Sources of Requirements
10.3 The Model Building Processes
11 Getting Started
11.1 User Requirements Statements
11.2 Separating Data and Control
11.3 Establishing the System Context
11.4 Partitioning the Top Levels
11.5 Summary
12 Developing the Model's Structure
12.1 Abstraction and Decomposition
12.2 The Seven-Plus-or-Minus-Two Principle
12.3 Grouping and Decomposing Processes
12.4 Grouping and Decomposing Flows
12.5 Naming Processes and Flows
12.6 Use of Stores
12.7 Functionally Identical Processes
12.8 De-emphasizing the Control Model
12.9 Control Intensive Systems
12.10 The Dilemma of Detail: Requirements Versus
Design
12.11 The Final Product
12.12 Summary
13 Preparing Process Specifications
13.1 The Role of Process Specifications
13.2 The Different Types of PSPEC's
13.3 Some Important Signal Conventions
13.4 Structured English
13.5 Annotating with Comments
13.6 Summary
14 Preparing Control Specifications
14.1 Avoiding Control Specifications
14.2 Combinational Control
14.3 Sequential Control
14.4 Multi-Sheets CSPEC's
14.5 Fitting CSPEC's in
14.6 Summary
15 Defining Timing
15.1 Timing Overview
15.2 Response Time Specification
15.3 Summary
16 Managing the Dictionary
16.1 Flow Types
16.2 Dictionary Symbols
16.3 Summary
PART IV: The Architecture Model
17 Overview
17.1 Requirements-to-Architecture Template
17.2 Architecture Model Symbols
18 Architecture Diagrams
18.1 Architecture Context Diagrams
18.2 Flows and Interconnects
18.3 Architecture Flow Diagrams
18.4 Architecture Interconnect Diagrams
18.5 Summary
19 Architecture Dictionary and Module Specifications
19.1 Architecture Module Specification
19.2 Architecture Interconnect Specification
19.3 Timing Requirements
19.4 Architecture Dictionary
19.5 Summary
20 Completing the Architecture Model
20.1 Allocation to Hardware and Software
20.2 The Hardware and Software Architectures
20.3 The Architecture Model
PART V: Building the Architecture Model
21 Overview
21.1 Architecture Development Process
21.2 Systems Come in Hierarchies
22 Enhancing the Requirements Model
22.1 Input and Output Processing
22.2 User Interface Processing
22.3 Maintenance and Self-Test Processing
22.4 The Complete Enhanced Requirements Model
22.5 Technology-Independent Versus Technology-Nonspecific
22.6 Organizational Implications
22.7 Summary
23 Creating the System Architecture Model
23.1 Architecture Context Diagram
23.2 Architecture Flow and Interconnect Diagrams
23.3 Example of AFD and AID Mapping
23.4 Model Consistency and Mapping
23.5 The Complete Architecture Model
23.6 Summary
24 Creating the Hardware and Software Architecture
Models
24.1 Hardware and Software Partitioning
24.2 Applying the Template to Software Requirements
24.3 Developing the Software Architecture
24.4 The Hardware and Software Architecture
Process
24.5 Summary
25 Architecture Development Summary
25.1 Partitioning and Modeling Process
PART VI: Examples
26 Automobile Management System
26.1 Problem Statement
26.2 Requirements and Architecture Development
26.3 Requirements Model
26.4 Architecture Model
27 Home Heating System
27.1 Problem Statement
27.2 Requirements Model
27.3 Architecture Model
28 Vending Machine
28.1 Customer Dialogue
28.2 Requirements Model
28.3 Architecture Model
APPENDIX A: Standard Symbols and Definitions
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Standard Symbols
A.3 Requirements Model
A.4 Architecture Model
APPENDIX B: Making the Models into Documents
B.1 Organizing the Models
B.2 Military Standards
References
Index
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